Lee Mei Yi & Paul Ellis
Business Horizons
Jan-Feb 2008
25. The preservation of 'face' and the accumulation of favours owed (renqing) are the key drivers underlying the concept of guanxi, which has been defined as personal relations or connections.
From a Chinese perspective, social chaos is avoided, not by institutional law, but by an individual's acceptance of his proper place and role in society. In such an environment, business cannot be conducted without the facilitating role of guanxi.
26. Guanxi denotes a personal relationship / common point of reference or kinship, if not already existent that must be established through social interaction and reciprocal conduct and implication.
27. Severe handicap to outsiders, must invest resources and income to overcome significant cultural barrier. Biased exchange. 'crooked'
guanxi xue - the use of social relations to accomplish tasks
29. guanxi = corruption?
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